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How to Authenticate Users with MetaMask using Python and Django

Introduction​

In this tutorial, we show you how to create a full-stack Django app that allows users to log in using their Web3 wallets, and Django will create a session associated with the individual user. Once logged in, the user can visit a page that displays all their user data.

You can find the repository with the final code here.

Asking the User to Log In Using Their Wallet

Data That's Visible Once the User Logs In

Prerequisites​

  1. Create a Moralis account.
  2. Install Python 3 (in case you don't already have it). In this tutorial, we used Python 3.10 on a Windows system.
  3. Basic Django knowledge (Django documentation).

Installing Required Dependencies​

  1. Create a virtual environment if needed: python3 -m venv django_web3_auth_env.
  2. Install django and requests dependencies. Django version 4.1 was used for this tutorial: 
     - `django_web3_auth_env\Scripts>pip3.10.exe install django`.  
     - `django_web3_auth_env\Scripts>pip3.10.exe install requests`.
    (These commands, for example, pip3.10.exe install django, are meant to be executed in that specific Scripts folder from that virtual environment.)

Creating a Django Project and App​

  1. Create the Django project:
    • django_web3_auth_env\Scripts\django-admin startproject moralis_auth and django-admin will be found in the Scripts folder: django_web3_auth_env\Scripts\django-admin.exe.
  2. Create the Django app:
    • django_web3_auth_env\Scripts\python.exe manage.py startapp web3_auth.
    • You can move that newly created app folder named web3_auth into the same folder where the moralis_auth project is in - the same folder where manage.py is located.
  3. Run database migrations:
    • django_web3_auth_env\Scripts\python.exe manage.py migrate. Here, you will have to use the complete path that points to the Python executable in the newly created virtual environment.
  4. Create a super user (it can be used in the Django admin interface); it is optional:
    • django_web3_auth_env\Scripts\python.exe manage.py createsuperuser. Here, you will have to use the complete path that points to the Python executable in the new created virtual environment.

Edit moralis_auth Project Settings​

  1. Add the newly created app named web3_auth to the list of installed apps in settings.py at the end of the INSTALLED_APPS list: 
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'web3_auth'
]
  1. Include URLs from the newly created app in the new project (here, we also added the URLs from django.contrib.auth.urls to be able to use the log-out functionality):
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('web3_auth/', include('web3_auth.urls')),
    path('auth/', include('django.contrib.auth.urls')),
]

Creating the Main web3_auth Application (urls.py, views.py, and Templates)​

  1. The contents for urls.py (you will have to create this file):
from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('moralis_auth', views.moralis_auth, name='moralis_auth'),
    path('request_message', views.request_message, name='request_message'),
    path('my_profile', views.my_profile, name='my_profile'),
    path('verify_message', views.verify_message, name='verify_message')
]
  • moralis_auth will contain the data from where a user can authenticate.
  • request_message will make a request to the Moralis Auth API for a message to be signed.
  • my_profile will show current profile info for a user when authenticated.
  • verify_message will be used to verify a message that was signed.
  1. The contents for views.py (you will need to set your Web3 API key on line nine [API_KEY = 'WEB3_API_KEY_HERE']):
import json
import requests

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone

API_KEY = 'WEB3_API_KEY_HERE'
# this is a check to make sure the API key was set
# you have to set the API key only in line 9 above
# you don't have to change the next line
if API_KEY == 'WEB3_API_KEY_HERE':
    print("API key is not set")
    raise SystemExit


def moralis_auth(request):
    return render(request, 'login.html', {})

def my_profile(request):
    return render(request, 'profile.html', {})

def request_message(request):
    data = json.loads(request.body)
    print(data)

    #setting request expiration time to 1 minute after the present->
    present = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
    present_plus_one_m = present + timedelta(minutes=1)
    expirationTime = str(present_plus_one_m.isoformat())
    expirationTime = str(expirationTime[:-6]) + 'Z'

    REQUEST_URL = 'https://authapi.moralis.io/challenge/request/evm'
    request_object = {
      "domain": "defi.finance",
      "chainId": 1,
      "address": data['address'],
      "statement": "Please confirm",
      "uri": "https://defi.finance/",
      "expirationTime": expirationTime,
      "notBefore": "2020-01-01T00:00:00.000Z",
      "timeout": 15
    }
    x = requests.post(
        REQUEST_URL,
        json=request_object,
        headers={'X-API-KEY': API_KEY})

    return JsonResponse(json.loads(x.text))


def verify_message(request):
    data = json.loads(request.body)
    print(data)

    REQUEST_URL = 'https://authapi.moralis.io/challenge/verify/evm'
    x = requests.post(
        REQUEST_URL,
        json=data,
        headers={'X-API-KEY': API_KEY})
    print(json.loads(x.text))
    print(x.status_code)
    if x.status_code == 201:
        # user can authenticate
        eth_address=json.loads(x.text).get('address')
        print("eth address", eth_address)
        try:
            user = User.objects.get(username=eth_address)
        except User.DoesNotExist:
            user = User(username=eth_address)
            user.is_staff = False
            user.is_superuser = False
            user.save()
        if user is not None:
            if user.is_active:
                login(request, user)
                request.session['auth_info'] = data
                request.session['verified_data'] = json.loads(x.text)
                return JsonResponse({'user': user.username})
            else:
                return JsonResponse({'error': 'account disabled'})
    else:
        return JsonResponse(json.loads(x.text))

Here we have a view for the main authentication: moralis_auth; one view to display the profile info: my_profile; and two views specific to authentication: request_message and verify_message. Furthermore, verify_message will request a message from the Moralis Auth API that will be signed with MetaMask, and verify_message will validate the received signature and create a user when the validation succeeds. After that, a session is created for that user, and we can add additional info in that session, such as the data that was used specifically for authentication.

  1. Templates (you will have to create a folder named templates):
  • login.html, this template contains all the JavaScript code required to sign a message with MetaMask: 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Moralis Auth Django Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>

    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
        <h1>Welcome Moralis Web3 User, {{ user.username }} !</h1>
        <a href="{% url 'logout' %}?next={% url 'moralis_auth' %}">Logout</a>
        <br/>
        <a href="{% url 'my_profile' %}"> My profile </a>
    {% else %}
        <h1>Moralis Web3 Login Django demo</h1>
        <button class="btn" id="auth-metamask">Login with Moralis Web3 API</button>
    {% endif %}
    </div>

    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.ethers.io/lib/ethers-5.2.umd.min.js" type="application/javascript"></script>

    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
    {% else %}
    <script>
    const elBtnMetamask = document.getElementById('auth-metamask');

    const handleApiPost = async (endpoint, params) => {
      const result = await axios.post(`${endpoint}`, params, {
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
          "X-CSRFToken": '{{ csrf_token }}'
        },
      });
    
      return result.data;
    };

    const requestMessage = (account, chain) =>
      handleApiPost('{% url 'request_message' %}', {
        address: account,
        chain: chain,
        network: 'evm',
      });

    const verifyMessage = (message, signature) =>
      handleApiPost('{% url 'verify_message' %}', {
        message,
        signature,
        network: 'evm',
      });

    const connectToMetamask = async () => {
      const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(window.ethereum, 'any');
    
      const [accounts, chainId] = await Promise.all([
        provider.send('eth_requestAccounts', []),
        provider.send('eth_chainId', []),
      ]);

      const signer = provider.getSigner();
      return { signer, chain: chainId, account: accounts[0] };
    };

    const handleAuth = async () => {
      // Connect to Metamask
      const { signer, chain, account } = await connectToMetamask();
      console.log("account", account, "chain", chain)

      if (!account) {
        throw new Error('No account found');
      }
      if (!chain) {
        throw new Error('No chain found');
      }

      const { message } = await requestMessage(account, chain);
      const signature = await signer.signMessage(message);
      const { user } = await verifyMessage(message, signature);
      console.log(user)
      if (user) {
        location.reload();
      }
      else{
        alert("authentication error")
      }
    };


    function init() {
      elBtnMetamask.addEventListener('click', async () => {
        handleAuth().catch((error) => console.log(error));
      });
    }

    window.addEventListener('load', () => {
      init();
    });

    </script>
    {% endif %}
</body>
</html>
  • profile.html, this template only shows current info associated with an authenticated user:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Moralis Auth Django Profile Page Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>

    {% if user.is_authenticated %}
        <h1>Eth address: {{ user.username }}</h1>
        <h3>Session auth info</h3>
        <table width="200px" border="0px" padding="5px">
        {% for key,value in request.session.auth_info.items %}
            <tr><td>{{key}}</td><td><pre>{{ value }}</pre></td></tr>
        {% endfor %}
        </table>
        <table width="200px" border="0px" padding="0px">
        <h3>Verified user info</h3>
        {% for key,value in request.session.verified_data.items %}
            <tr><td>{{key}}</td><td>{{ value }}</td></tr>
        {% endfor %}

        </table>
        <br/>
        <a href="{% url 'logout' %}?next={% url 'moralis_auth' %}">Logout</a>
    {% else %}
        <a href="{% url 'moralis_auth' %}"> Login page </a>
    {% endif %}
    </div>

</body>
</html>

Starting the Application​

  • django_web3_auth_env\Scripts\python.exe manage.py runserver 1000 (this will start a local server on port 1000).

After the application starts, this is how it should look when you access http://127.0.0.1:1000/web3_auth/moralis_auth:

Login Page

This will show when clicking on the above "login" button:

MetaMask Prompt

After the message is signed and the authentication is successful, you can see the complete profile page:

User Profile Page